Field Notes · Alexandra Martin

The Underwriting Garden

What I actually look for when you apply for a loan — and why it's a lot like tending a garden

Watercolor landscape painting in a quiet studio
CHAPTER I — THE SOIL

Every underwriter starts with the same question a gardener asks: what am I working with? Before I can tell you whether your loan has a chance, I need to understand the ground beneath it.

When you walk into my office in Rexburg — or send your file electronically — you're probably thinking about the big number: the loan amount. I can't help but think of people planting tomatoes in concrete and being surprised when nothing grows. The amount matters, but the foundation matters more.

The Three Pillars

Every loan application rests on three pillars. I explain this to every client, usually with a cup of tea between us, because it helps to slow down:

Income Verification Two years of tax returns, three months of pay stubs. If you're self-employed, I'll also want your year-to-date profit and loss statement. W-2 workers have it easier — but "easier" doesn't mean automatic.
Credit History Your FICO score is a single number, but I read the whole report. One late payment three years ago isn't fatal. A pattern of maxed-out credit cards is. I'm looking for trajectory, not perfection.
Assets & Reserves Do you have a cushion? Six months of payments sitting in a savings account is the gold standard. If you're borrowing to buy your first home and every dollar is going into the down payment, I'll still work with you — but it changes the conversation.
CHAPTER II — THE CLIMATE

Debt-to-Income: The Weather Report

Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is the climate your loan has to survive in. It's the percentage of your gross monthly income that goes toward existing debt payments. Think of it like this:

If your income is a river, your DTI is how much of that water is already flowing to other destinations before it reaches your new loan.

Conventional lenders generally want your back-end DTI (total monthly debt obligations divided by gross monthly income) below 43%. Some programs go higher. The key question I always ask: If your car broke down tomorrow and cost $300 to fix, could you absorb that without missing a payment?

That's the real test. Not the spreadsheet. The "what if."

A Note on Anxiety

I've sat across from people who brought in their papers shaking. Not from cold — from fear. The fear of hearing "no" to something that feels like the difference between floating and sinking. Here's what I want you to know: a preliminary conversation with me — before you ever file — costs you nothing and can save you months of work on an application you'd have to revise anyway. Call the credit union. Ask for a pre-screen. It's like checking the soil pH before you plant.

CHAPTER III — GROWTH

What to Prepare Before You Apply

Patience is the most underrated financial skill. If you're planning to apply for a mortgage in the next six months, here's what you should be doing right now:

Do Not Open new credit cards, take out auto loans, or make large purchases on credit. Each new account looks like a spike in your DTI and a ding on your FICO.
Do Pay down existing credit card balances. Save consistently (even $100/month shows pattern). Keep your job stable — job-hopping in the 12 months before application raises eyebrows.
Gather Two years of tax returns, three months of pay stubs, three months of bank statements, and your employer's contact info. Having these ready cuts your timeline from weeks to days.

I think of it like preparing a canvas. You can't paint a good landscape if you're still stretching the canvas and mixing your pigments at the same time.

CHAPTER IV — THE WILD

A Personal Note

This job has taught me something I never expected: that financial literacy is an act of kindness. Not just for the borrower — though that's the obvious part — but for the whole community. When someone understands what they can actually afford, they don't become a risk on a balance sheet. They become a neighbor who stays put. Who fixes their roof. Who joins the PTA. Who buys coffee at the same shop every morning for ten years.

That's the real return on good underwriting. It's not in the numbers. It's in the streets.

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